Hypertensive Retinopathy

 

The response of retinal  arterioles  to  systemic hypertensive include :

1- Vasoconstriction:

hypertensive narrowing is seen in its pure  form only in young patients.

2- Disruption of inner blood – retinal barrier :

leading to increase vascular permeability  causing:

• flame – shaped retinal hemorrhage.
• retinal oedema.
• hard exudate.

Grad of hypertension changes :

Grad 1     Generalized arteriolar a attenuation.

Grad 2     Grad 1 + focal arteriolar a attenuation.

Grad 3     Grad  2 + cotton wool spots , flam

                 shaped hemorrhage chronic retinal oedema.

Grad 4     Grad 3 + disc swelling + macular star.

 

3- Arteriosclerosis.

 

 

Source :  Kanski. 

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