Arteriosclerosis

 

• It is the presence of changes at A-V crossings ( AV nipping ).
• It is not indicative of severity of hypertension but indicative for long time ( many years ).

 

Grad 1      Subtle broadening of the arteriolar light reflex mild

generalized arteriolar attenuation.

Grad 2      Obvious broadening of the arteriolar light reflex and deflection of veins of  A-V  crossings ( Salus sign ) .

Grad 3      copper wiring of arteriolar :

• banking of veins distal to AV crossings  ( Bonnet sign )
• tapering of veins on both sides of crossing ( Gunn sign ) and right – angled deflection of veins

Grad 4    Silver wiring of arteriolar  + grad 3 Changes.

 

Source :   Kanski.

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